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Did a colleague blow you off? Or ignore you in a meeting? Or say something cutting? That rudeness will affect your work for hours, and not for the better.

Researchers from a quintet of organizations (Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, University of Maryland, Envision Physician Services, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital) collaborated on a quartet of studies tracking the impact of mild slights on both workers and coworkers who observe the rudeness, such as witnessing a doctor yell at an instructor for missing a meeting. They found that in tasks afterward, all are much more likely to “anchor,” which is a psychological phenomenon of fixating on one piece of information (rather than considering all available information). Such fixations can sway decision-making.

“While small insults and other forms of rude behavior might seem relatively harmless compared to more serious forms of aggression, our findings suggest that they can have serious consequences,” says coauthor Binyamin Cooper, a post-doctoral fellow at Carnegie Mellon University’s Tepper School of Business. “Our work demonstrates how dangerous these seemingly minor behaviors can be, whether they are experienced directly or even if people just observer incidental rudeness.”

The narrowing of perspective that comes along with anchoring can have deadly consequences in healthcare, where the study shows that physicians exposed to rudeness may incorrectly diagnose patients, and then treat them for ailments that they don’t have. The impact could also be particularly large in tasks like negotiation, legal sentencing, financial forecasting, and pricing.

The researchers call for managers to reduce rudeness among employees, especially in high-stakes situations where judgment is essential. Two strategies can help avoid anchoring in real-time: information elaboration, where you pause to think what information you need to help someone make a decision, and perspective taking, where you imagine yourself viewing the problem from another person’s point of view.

More research is needed on rudeness and other well-known cognitive biases.

Futures were mixed while U.S.-listed Chinese technology shares regained ground after a multi-day tumble

The bank took fresh steps to tackle its risk management in the wake of the $5.5 billion loss from Archegos Capital, with the creation of a new role that will police the effect of market moves on clients’ trading positions.

Puede que los conceptos de préstamo con garantía hipotecaria e hipoteca se confundan o, directamente, pensemos que son los mismo, pero hay una diferencia básica entre ambos. El préstamo con garantía hipotecaria es una forma de conseguir financiación poniendo una vivienda como garantía del préstamo.

Ecommerce company hopes to list on Indonesia Stock Exchange in August

Ecommerce company hopes to list on Indonesia Stock Exchange in August

La consultora de comunicación Llyc debutará en BME Growth con una capitalización de 109 millones tras cerrar una ampliación de capital de 10 millones de euros suscrita por 1.520 nuevos inversores, en su mayoría 'family offices' españoles, y con una demanda 5,1 veces superior al objetivo. Leer

La presidenta del grupo, Ana Botín, abre la puerta a operaciones en el negocio de pagos. La filial estadounidense prevé implantar el teletrabajo para la mitad de la plantilla, en torno a 8.500 empleados. Leer

La Comisión Nacional de Mercados de Valores (CNMV) ha aprobado el folleto de la ampliación de capital de Dia por hasta 1.028 millones de euros en dos tramos a ejecutar antes del 29 de octubre de 2021. Leer

La Comisión Nacional de Mercados de Valores (CNMV) ha aprobado el folleto de la ampliación de capital de Dia por hasta 1.028 millones de euros en dos tramos a ejecutar antes del 29 de octubre de 2021. Leer

Comprar este tipo de activos para luego alquilarlos dan rentabilidades que llegan a superar el 11% en algunas capitales españolas. Leer

Comprar este tipo de activos para luego alquilarlos dan rentabilidades que llegan a superar el 11% en algunas capitales españolas. Leer

Exchanges operator plans to list in New York through a deal with a blank cheque company

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The few Swiss watch brands that haven’t been troubled by the pandemic are the hardest to invest in.

Plastic is the most common type of debris floating in the world’s oceans. Waves and sunlight break much of it down into smaller particles called microplastics—fragments less than 5 millimeters across, roughly the size of a sesame seed.

To understand how microplastic pollution is affecting the ocean, scientists need to know how much is there and where it is accumulating. Most data on microplastic concentrations comes from commercial and research ships that tow plankton nets—long, cone-shaped nets with very fine mesh designed for collecting marine microorganisms.

But net trawling can sample only small areas and may be underestimating true plastic concentrations. Except in the North Atlantic and North Pacific gyres—large zones where ocean currents rotate, collecting floating debris—scientists have done very little sampling for microplastics. And there is scant information about how these particles’ concentrations vary over time.

Looking for smooth zones

To address these questions, University of Michigan research assistant Madeline Evans and I developed a new way to detect microplastic concentrations from space using NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System. CYGNSS is a network of eight microsatellites that was launched in 2016 to help scientists predict hurricanes by analyzing tropical wind speeds. They measure how wind roughens the ocean’s surface—an indicator that we realized could also be used to detect and track large quantities of microplastics.

Annual global production of plastic has increased every year since the 1950s, reaching 359 million metric tons in 2018. Much of it ends up in open, uncontrolled landfills, where it can wash into river drainage zones and ultimately into the world’s oceans.

Researchers first documented plastic debris in the oceans in the 1970s. Today, it accounts for an estimated 80% to 85% of marine litter.

The radars on CYGNSS satellites are designed to measure winds over the ocean indirectly by measuring how they roughen the water’s surface. We knew that when there is a lot of material floating in the water, winds don’t roughen it as much. So we tried computing how much smoother measurements indicated the surface was than it should have been if winds of the same speed were blowing across clear water.

This anomaly—the “missing roughness”—turns out to be highly correlated with the concentration of microplastics near the ocean surface. Put another way, areas where surface waters appear to be unusually smooth frequently contain high concentrations of microplastics. The smoothness could be caused by the microplastics themselves, or possibly by something else that’s associated with them.

By combining all the measurements made by CYGNSS satellites as they orbit around the world, we can create global time-lapse images of ocean microplastic concentrations. Our images readily identify the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and secondary regions of high microplastic concentration in the North Atlantic and the southern oceans.

Tracking microplastic flows over time

Since CYGNSS tracks wind speeds constantly, it lets us see how microplastic concentrations change over time. By animating a year’s worth of images, we revealed seasonal variations that were not previously known.

This animation shows how satellite data can be used to track where microplastics enter the water, how they move and where they tend to collect.

We found that global microplastic concentrations tend to peak in the North Atlantic and Pacific during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer months. June and July, for example, are the peak months for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

Concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere peak during its summer months of January and February. Lower concentrations during the winter in both hemispheres are likely due to a combination of stronger currents that break up microplastic plumes and increased vertical mixing—the exchange between surface and deeper water—that transports some of the microplastic down below the surface.

This approach can also target smaller regions over shorter periods of time. For example, we examined episodic outflow events from the mouths of the China’s Yangtze and Qiantang rivers where they empty into the East China Sea. These events may have been associated with increases in industrial production activity, or with increases in the rate at which managers allowed the rivers to flow through dams.

Better targeting for cleanups

Our research has several potential uses. Private organizations, such as The Ocean Cleanup, a nonprofit in the Netherlands, and Clewat, a Finnish company specializing in clean technology, use specially outfitted ships to collect, recycle and dispose of marine litter and debris. We have begun conversations with both groups and hope eventually to help them deploy their fleets more effectively.

Our spaceborne imagery may also be used to validate and improve numerical prediction models that attempt to track how microplastics move through the oceans using ocean circulation patterns. Scholars are developing several such models.

One possibility is surfactants on the ocean surface. These liquid chemical compounds, which are widely used in detergents and other products, move through the oceans in ways similar to microplastics, and they also have a damping effect on wind-driven ocean roughening.While the ocean roughness anomalies that we observed correlate strongly with microplastic concentrations, our estimates of concentration are based on the correlations that we observed, not on a known physical relationship between floating microplastics and ocean roughness. It could be that the roughness anomalies are caused by something else that is also correlated with the presence of microplastics.

Further study is needed to identify how the smooth areas that we identified occur, and if they are caused indirectly by surfactants, to better understand exactly how their transport mechanisms are related to those of microplastics. But I hope this research can be part of a fundamental change in tracking and managing microplastic pollution.

Christopher Ruf is a professor of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering at the University of Michigan

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

El Gobierno alemán ha ampliado este viernes a toda España la consideración de zona de riesgo por Covid, el menor de sus tres niveles de alerta, por el repunte de la incidencia en los últimos días. Leer

Welcome to the sixth episode of The Compound & Friends, a new podcast from your favorite financial and investing commentators. This week, Michael Batnick, Jason Snipe of Odyssey Capital Advisors and Downtown Josh Brown discuss: ►Retail Investors Power the World ►Dissatisfied advisors ►Biggest takeaways from the CapGemini Ultra High Net Worth survey ►Under-rated & under-followed stocks for this summer &amp...

The post Ultra High Net Worth appeared first on The Reformed Broker.

Didi debacle signals end of steady stream of New York listings for Chinese companies

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